SEO

Stefano Fantin da naku SEO mashawarci wanda ke ba da sabis marketing zuwa nasu abokan ciniki.

Ce cosa

La SEO, gajeruwa Search Engine Optimization, shine saitin ayyuka da dabarun da ke da nufin inganta hangen nesa na gidan yanar gizon injunan bincike. Musamman, da SEO yana mai da hankali kan inganta gidan yanar gizon don mahimman kalmomi, waɗanda sune sharuɗɗan da masu amfani ke rubutawa cikin mashigin bincike don nemo bayanai.

La SEO ya kasu kashi biyu manya:

• SEO a shafi: ya shafi ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a cikin gidan yanar gizon, kamar haɓaka abun ciki, tsarin rukunin yanar gizo da saurin lodawa.
• SEO kashe shafi: ya shafi ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a wajen gidan yanar gizon, kamar samun hanyar haɗin baya daga wasu gidajen yanar gizo.

La SEO tsari ne mai ci gaba da bunkasa, kamar ni injunan bincike suna ci gaba da sabunta algorithms na lissafin su. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da ilimin ku akan batun SEO da kuma amfani da mafi kyawun dabarun ingantawa jeri na gidan yanar gizon ku.

Ga wasu fa'idodin SEO:

• Ƙarin gani na gidan yanar gizon: gidan yanar gizon da aka sanya shi sosai injunan bincike zai sami ƙarin ziyara daga masu amfani da sha'awar abubuwan da ke ciki.
• Ingantattun zirga-zirgar kwayoyin halitta: zirga-zirgar kwayoyin halitta shine wanda aka samar ta sakamakon bincike kyauta, ba tare da biyan kuɗin tallace-tallace ba.
• Haɓaka cikin jujjuyawa: gidan yanar gizon da aka sanya shi sosai injunan bincike yana da mafi kyawun damar juyar da baƙi zuwa abokan ciniki.

Tarihin SEO

Tarihin SEO za a iya raba manyan matakai guda uku:

Shekarar farko (1990-1999)

A farkon shekarun SEO an siffanta su da wata hanya mai sauƙi da fahimta. THE injunan bincike na wancan lokacin, kamar AltaVista da Yahoo!, sun dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun algorithm ɗin ƙididdiga masu sauƙi, waɗanda galibi suna kimanta yawan adadin kalmomin da ke bayyana a shafin yanar gizon.

A cikin wannan mahallin, dabaru SEO mafi inganci su ne waɗanda suka ba da damar ƙara yawan kalmar maɓalli a cikin gidan yanar gizo. Misali, zaku iya maimaita kalmar maɓalli a cikin rubutun shafi, lakabi, kwatancen meta, da URLs.

Shekarun zinare na Black Hat SEO (2000-2007)

Tare da zuwan Google, da SEO ya zama kasuwanci mai rikitarwa da gasa. Google ya gabatar da sababbin algorithms na ƙididdiga waɗanda kuma suka kimanta wasu dalilai, kamar ingancin abun ciki da tsarin gidan yanar gizon.

A cikin wannan mahallin, wasu kamfanoni sun fara amfani da dabaru SEO "masu haram", watau dabarun da suka keta ka'idojin injunan bincike. Wadannan dabaru, da aka sani da Black Hat SEO, hada da halittar gidajen yanar gizo ƙarancin inganci tare da kwafin abun ciki, siyan hanyoyin haɗi daga wasu gidajen yanar gizo da meta tag magudi.

Amfani da dabarun Black Hat SEO ya haifar da raguwar ingancin sakamakon bincike. Google sa'an nan gabatar da jerin updates zuwa ga indexing Algorithms don yaƙar wadannan ayyuka.

Zamanin SEO Farin Hat (2008-yanzu)

Tun daga shekarar 2008, Google ya tsananta yaƙi da dabaru SEO Black Hat. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar aiki SEO Farin Hat, watau ayyukan da ke mutunta jagororin injunan bincike.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da SEO ya zama wani aiki mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. THE injunan bincike sun gabatar da sababbin algorithms masu ƙididdigewa waɗanda ke kimanta jerin abubuwa, kamar ingancin abun ciki, ƙwarewar mai amfani da kuma dacewa da sakamakon bincike.

Don samun mai kyau jeri wakili injunan bincike, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar dabara SEO wanda ya dogara ne akan waɗannan abubuwa.

Ga wasu daga cikin manyan al'amuran da suka nuna tarihin SEO:

• 1990: An buga injin bincike na farko, Archie.
• 1993: An fito da injin bincike mai hoto na farko, WebCrawler.
• 1994: AltaVista, ɗaya daga cikin na farko, an sake shi injunan bincike mashahuri.
• 1995: Yahoo!, ɗaya daga cikin na farko, an buga shi injunan bincike matsayi.
• 1996: Ana buga Google, wanda a cikin 'yan shekaru zai zama mafi mashahuri search engine a duniya.
• 1998: Google yana gabatar da PageRank algorithm, wanda ke kimanta ingancin gidan yanar gizon dangane da yawa da ingancin hanyoyin haɗin da ke shigowa.
• 2000: Google ya gabatar da Panda algorithm, wanda ke azabtar da i gidajen yanar gizo tare da ƙananan abun ciki mai inganci.
• 2007: Google yana gabatar da Penguin algorithm, wanda ke azabtar da i gidajen yanar gizo tare da ƙananan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
• 2011: Google ya gabatar da algorithm na Hummingbird, wanda ke inganta fahimtar harshe na halitta ta Google.
• 2015: Google yana gabatar da RankBrain algorithm, wanda ke amfani dawucin gadi don inganta jeri sakamakon bincike.
• 2020: Google yana gabatar da algorithm na BERT, wanda ke inganta fahimtar harshe na halitta ta Google.

La SEO aiki ne da ake ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa, wanda ke bukatar kwarewa da ilimi na zamani. Don samun mai kyau jeri wakili injunan bincike, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da dabarun SEO wanda ya dogara ne akan sabbin abubuwa da canje-canje a algorithms na kwamfuta injunan bincike.

Me ya sa

Akwai dalilai da yawa don yin SEO. Ga wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci:

• Ƙarin gani na gidan yanar gizon: gidan yanar gizon da aka sanya shi sosai injunan bincike zai sami ƙarin ziyara daga masu amfani da sha'awar abubuwan da ke ciki.
• Ingantattun zirga-zirgar kwayoyin halitta: zirga-zirgar kwayoyin halitta shine wanda aka samar ta sakamakon bincike kyauta, ba tare da biyan kuɗin tallace-tallace ba.
• Haɓaka cikin jujjuyawa: gidan yanar gizon da aka sanya shi sosai injunan bincike yana da mafi kyawun damar juyar da baƙi zuwa abokan ciniki.

Musamman, da SEO zai iya zama da amfani ga:

• Kamfanonin da suke so su ƙara ganin alamar su kuma su kai ga yawan masu sauraro.
• Kasuwancin da ke son samar da ƙwararrun zirga-zirga akan gidan yanar gizon su.
• E-ciniki waɗanda suke so su ƙara tallace-tallace.
• Masu sana'a waɗanda suke son bayyana kansu kuma su sami sababbi abokan ciniki.

La SEO jari ne na dogon lokaci wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako mai mahimmanci ga kasuwancin ku.

Ga wasu takamaiman fa'idodin SEO:

• Ƙara yawan zirga-zirgar gidan yanar gizon: la SEO zai iya taimaka maka samun a jeri mafi girma a sakamakon bincike, wanda ke nufin ƙarin mutane za su ga gidan yanar gizon ku.
• Ingantaccen suna akan layi: gidan yanar gizon da ke da kyau a cikin sakamakon bincike ana ganinsa a matsayin mafi iko kuma abin dogaro.
• Haɓaka cikin jujjuyawa: la SEO zai iya taimaka muku maida ƙarin baƙi zuwa abokan ciniki.
• Kyakkyawan dawowa kan zuba jari (ROI): la SEO zuba jari ne mai arha wanda zai iya haifar da gagarumin ROI.

tayin

Stefano Fantin da naku SEO mashawarci wanda ke aiki a ciki SEO kuma yayi muku:

• SEO Bing GPT
• Ecommerce SEO
• SEO Google Gemini
• SEO rubutu
• Binciken keyword
• Ayyukan SEO

SEO a cikin kasuwar Italiya

Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo tana gudanar da ayyukanta na hukumar SEO, a cikin wadannan wuraren aiki:

• Lombardia : Milan, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Leko, Lodi, Mantova, Monza da kuma na Brianza, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese;
• Abruzzo : Chieti, DaAkila, Pescara, Teramo;
• Basilicata : Matera, Potenza;
• Calabria : Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia;
• Campania : Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Naples, Salerno;
• Emilia Romagna : Bologna, Ferrara, Forlì, Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Ravenna, Reggio Emilia ne adam wata, Rimini;
• Friuli Venezia Giulia : Goriziya, Pordenone, Trieste, Udine;
• Lazio : Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, Roma, Viterbo;
• Liguria : Genoa, Tasirin, The Spezia, Savona;
• Tafiya : Ancona, Ascoli piceno, Tsaya, Macerata, ina auna, Urbino;
• Molise : Campobasso, Isernia;
• Piedmont : Alessandria, Asti, sandar haɗi, Cuneo, Novara, Turin, Verbano, Kusio, Ossola, Vercelli;
• Puglia : Bari, Bartletta, Andria, Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto;
• Sardinia : Cagliari, Carbonia, Ikklisiya, Matsakaici Campidano, nufi, Ogliastra, Olbia, Haikali, Oristano, Sassari;
• Sicilia : Agrigento, Caltanissetta, Catania, Enna, Messina, Palermo, Ragusa, Siracusa, Trapani;
• Tuscany : Arezzo, Florence, Grosseto, Livorno, Lucca, Massa, Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena;
• Trentino Alto Adige : Bolzano, Trento;
• Umbria : Perugia, Terni;
• Valle d'Aosta : Aosta;
• Veneto : Belluno, PADUA, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona, Vicenza;
• Svizzera : Canton na Appenzell Na waje, Canton na Appenzell Na ciki, Canton Aargau, Kanton Basel Kauye, Kanton Basel Garin, Canton na Bern, Canton na Fribourg, Canton na Geneva, Kanton Jura, Canton na Glarus, Canton na Grisons, Canton na Lucerne, Kanton Nidwalden, Canton na Neuchatel, Canton na Obwalden, Canton na St. Gallen, Canton na Schaffhausen, Canton na Solothurn, Canton na Schwyz, Canton na Thurgau, Canton Uri, Canton na Valais, Canton na Vaud, Canton Zug, Canton Zurich, Canton na Ticino.

Muna aiki a matsayin hukuma SEO nel Kasuwancin Italiya kuma a cikin kasuwar kasa da kasa.

Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo tana gudanar da ayyukanta na hukumar SEO in Canton na Ticino :

• gundumar mendrisio tare da da'ira na mendrisio, whale, Caneggio, stabilizer e Riva San Vitale;
• gundumar Lugano tare da da'ira na Lugano is, Lugano yamma, Lugano arewa, Ceresium, Paradiso, Magliasina, agno, sessa, sonvico, Waziya, Bren, Pregassona, Capriasca e gidan abinci:
• gundumar Locarno tare da da'ira na Locarno, Tsibirin Lake Maggiore, Akansernone, Gambarogno, Apple, Jirgin ruwa e Verzasca;
• gundumar Vallemaggia tare da da'ira na rowana, Magiya e Lavizzara;
• gundumar Bellinzona tare da da'ira na Bellinzona, Ticin e Giubiasco;
• Gundumar Riviera tare da kulob din Riviera;
• gundumar Blenium tare da da'ira na Serravalle, Aquarossa e Blenium;
• gundumar Leventine tare da da'ira na Giornico, fadi, Na Biyar e Airolo.

Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo hukuma ce SEO, don nasu abokan ciniki, a duk cantons na Svizzera :

• Canton na Ticino,
• Canton Zurich,
• Canton Zug,
• Canton na Vaud,
• Canton na Valais,
• Canton Uri,
• Canton na Thurgau,
• Canton na Schwyz,
• Canton na Solothurn,
• Canton na Schaffhausen,
• Canton na St. Gallen,
• Canton na Obwalden,
• Canton na Neuchatel,
• Kanton Nidwalden,
• Canton na Lucerne,
• Canton na Grisons,
• Canton na Glarus,
• Kanton Jura,
• Canton na Geneva,
• Canton na Fribourg,
• Canton na Bern,
• Kanton Basel,
• Canton Aargau,
• Canton na Appenzell.

SEO a cikin kasuwar duniya

Muna aiki a matsayin hukuma SEO nel Kasuwancin Italiya kuma a cikin kasuwar kasa da kasa.

Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo tana gudanar da ayyukanta na hukumar SEO a cikin wadannan yankunan aiki na kasuwar kasa da kasa: Birnin New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh, Birnin New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh; Kanada: Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Idonton, missauga, Winnipeg, Vancouver; Burtaniya: Londra, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Birmingham; Turai: Londra, Berlin, Madrid, Roma, Paris, Bucharest, Vienna, Hamburg, Budapest, Warsaw, Barcelona, Monaco, Milan, Sofia, Prague, Brussels, Birmingham, Colonia, Naples, Stockholm, Turin, Marseille, Amsterdam, Zagreb, Valencia, Moscow, Dusseldorf;
Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo tana gudanar da ayyukanta na hukumar SEO a manyan biranen duniya: Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Delhi, Seoul, Istanbul, Karachi, Tokyo, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Moscow, St. Paul, Lahore, Delhi, Jakarta, Kinshasa, Seoul, Mexico City, Londra, New York, Bangalore, Ho Chi Minh, Lima, Hanoi, Bogota, Tehran, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Dhaka, Alkahira, Rio de Janeiro, Caracas, Bagadaza, St. Petersburg, Riad, Calcutta, Singapore, Santiago, Sydney, Surat, Chennai, Melbourne, Yangon, Alexandria ta Misira, Shenyang, Hyderabad, Los Angeles, Ahmedabad, Ankara, Johannesburg, Wuhan, Yokohama, Abijan, Busan, Cape Town, Durban, sa, Jeddah, Berlin, Casablanca, Pyongyang, Kanpur, Madrid, Jaipur, Nairobi, Faisalabad, Ürümqi, Brasilia, Salvador, Buenos Aires, Roma, Chicago, Fortaleza, Chittagong, Belo Horizonte, Toronto; Burtaniya: Aberdeen, Basingstoke, Bat, Belfast, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Bromley, Cambridge, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Exeter, Gateshead, Glasgow, Grays, Greenhithe, Kingston kan Thames, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Newcastle a kan Tyne, Norwich, Plymouth, Reading, Sheffield, Solihull, Southampton, Watford; Babban birnin Yankin Australiya: Canberra, Kudancin Ostiraliya, Rundle Place, New South Wales bondi, Broadway, Gidan Gida, Charlestown, Hirar - Chase, Sauna, Miranda, penrith, Sydney, Queensland:Brisbane , Carindale, Chermside, Robina, Victoria, Kasar Chadi, Southland, Doncaster, Foofar Fountain; Ostiriya: Vienna, Belgium: Brussels, Brazil:Barra da Tijuca, São Paulo, Kanada: Alberta (Kanada), Calgary, Edmonton, British Columbia (Canada) Burnaby,Coquitlam, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver, Manitoba (Kanada), Winnipeg, Nova Scotia (Kanada), Halifax, Ontario (Kanada),Burlington, London, Markham, Mississauga, Newmarket, Ottawa, Toronto, Waterloo, Quebec (Kanada),Rossan Brossard, Laval, Montreal, Bayanin Claire, Quebec City; Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa: Abu Dhabi, Dubai; Faransa: Aix-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Dijon, Le Chesnays, Wuri mai tsarki, Lille, Lyon, Marne-la-Vale, Marseilles, Montpellier, Nice, ParisPuteaux: la Tsaro, Rosny-Sous-Bois, Saint Herblain, Strasbourg, Velizy-Villacoublay; Jamus: Augsburg, Berlin, Cologne, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, Sulzbach; Spain: Rafi na Encomienda, arroyomolinos, Barcelona, Churra, Leganés, Mayahonda, Marbella, Valencia, Zaragoza, Sweden: Harshen Helsinki, Malmö, Tby; Svizzera Basel, Geneva, Glattzentrum a cikin Wallisellen, Zurich. Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Amurka a matsayin hukuma SEO. Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Kanada a matsayin hukuma SEO. Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo Europa yana aiki a matsayin hukuma SEO, Albaniya: Tirana; Jamus: Berlin; Andorra: Andorra la Vella; Ostiriya: Vienna; Belgium: Brussels; Belarus: Minsk; Bosnia Herzegovina: Sarajevo; Bulgaria: Sofia; Croatia: Zagreb; Denmark: Copenhagen; Slovakia: Bratislava; Sloveniya: Ljubljana; Spain: Madrid; Estoniya: Tallinn; Finland: Helsinki; Faransa: Paris; Girka: Atina; Hungary: Budapest; Ireland: Dublin; Iceland: Reykjavik; Latvia: Riga; Liechtenstein: Vaduz; Lithuania: Vilnius; Luxembourg: Luxembourg; Malta: Valletta; Moldova: Chisinau; Monaco: Monaco; Montenegro: Podgorica; Norway: Oslo; Netherlands: Amsterdam; Poland: Warsaw; Fotigal: Lisbon; Burtaniya: Londra; Jamhuriyar Czech: Prague; Jamhuriyar Macedonia: Skopje; Romaniya: Bucharest; San Marino: San Marino; Sabiya: Belgrade; Sweden: Stockholm; Svizzera: Lugano, Canton Ticino, Bellinzona, Locarno, mendrisio, amo, Bern; Yukreniya: Kiev; Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Asiya, Afghanistan: Kabul; Saudi Arabia: riyadh; Armeniya: Yerevan; Azerbaijan: Baku; Bahrain: Manama; Bangladesh: Dhaka; Bhutan: Thimphu; Burma: Naypyidaw; Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan; Kambodiya: Phnom Penh; China: Beijing; Koriya ta Arewa: Pyongyang; Koriya ta Kudu: Seoul; Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa: Abu Dhabi; Philippines: Manila; Jojiya: Tbilisi; Japan: Tokyo; Jordan: Amman; Indiya: New Delhi; Indonesia: Jakarta; Iran: Tehran; Iraq: Bagadaza; Isra'ila: Urushalima; Kazakhstan: Astana; Kirgizistan: Bishkek; Kuwait: Kuwait City; Laos: Vientiane; Labanon: Beirut; Maldives: Malé; Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur; Mongolia: Ulan Bator; Nepal: Kathmandu; Oman: Mascate; Pakistan: Islamabad; Falasdinu: Urushalima Gabas; Qatar: Doha; Singapore : Singapore; Siriya: Damascus; Sri Lanka: Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Tajikistan: Dushanbe; Taiwan: Taipei; Thailand: Bangkok; Turkiya: Ankara; Turkmenistan: Ashgabat; Uzbekistan: Tashkent; Vietnam: Hanoi; Yemen: ka; Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Afirka, Algeria: Algiers; Angola: Luanda; Benin: Benin; Botswana: Gaborone; Burkina Faso: Ouagadougou; Burundi: Bujumbura; Kamaru: Yaounde; Cape Verde: Praia; Chadi: N'Djamena; Comoros: Moroni; Ivory Coast: Yamoussoukro; Misira: Alkahira; Eritrea: Asmara; Habasha: Addis Ababa; Gabon: Libreville; Gambiya: Banjul; Ghana: Accra; Gibuti: Gibuti; Guinea: Conakry; Guinea-Bissau: Bissau; Equatorial Guinea: Malabo; Kenya: Nairobi; Lesotho: Maseru; Laberiya: Monrovia; Libya: Tripoli; Madagaska: Antananarivo; Malawi: Lilongwe; Mugunta: Bamako; Mauritania: Mauritania; Mauritius: Port Louis; Maroko: Rabat; Mozambique: Maputo; Namibiya: Windhoek; Nijar: Niamey; Najeriya: Abuja; Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya: Bangui; Jamhuriyar Congo: Brazzaville; Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo: Kinshasa; Ruwanda: Kigali; São Tomé da Prince: Dobra na São Tomé e Prince; Senegal: Dakar; Seychelles: Victoria; Saliyo: Freetown; Somaliya: Mogadishu; Afirka ta Kudu: Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein; Sudan: Khartoum; Kudancin Sudan: Juba; Swaziland: Mbabane, lobamba; Tanzaniya: Dodoma; Togo: Lome; Tunisiya: Tunis; Uganda: Kampala; Zambiya: Lusaka; Zimbabwe: Harare; Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Kudancin Amurka, Argentina: Buenos Aires; Bolivia: sugar; Brazil: Brasilia; Chile: Santiago de Cile; Colombia: Bogota; Ekwador: Quito; Guyana: Georgetown; Paraguay: Asunción; Peru: Lima; Suriname: Paramaribo; Uruguay: Montevideo; Venezuela: Caracas; Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a Amurka ta tsakiya a matsayin hukuma SEO Belize: Belmopan, Daular Commonwealth; Costa Rica: San José; Shi Salvador : San Salvador; Guatemala: Birnin Guatemala; Honduras: Tegucigalpa; Nicaragua: Managua; Panama: Panama; Cuba: Havana; Dominika: Roseau; Haiti: Port-au-Prince; Jamhuriyar Dominica: Santo Domingo; Trinidad da Tobago: Port of Spain; Antigua da Barbuda: Saint John's; Bahamas: Nassau; Barbados: Bridgetown; Jamaica: Kingston; Grenada: Saint George's; Saint Kitts da Nevis: Basseterre; Saint Lucia: Castries; Saint Vincent da Grenadines: Kingstown; Hukumar Gidan yanar gizo yana aiki a cikin Oceania, Ostiraliya: Canberra, bondi, Broadway, Dandalin Castle, Charlestown, Hirar, Sauna, Miranda, penrith, Sydney, Garin Brisbane, Carindale, Chermside, Adelaide, Kasar Chadi, Cheltenham, Doncaster, Foofar Fountain, Maribyrnong, Booragoon, Perth; Sabuwar Zeland: Wellington; Papua New Guinea: Port Moresby; Fiji: Suva; Tsubiran Solomon: Honiara; Vanuatu: Port Vila; Micronesia: Palikir; Kiribati: Kudu Tarawa; Tsibirin Marshall: Majuro; Palau: Ngerulmud; Nauru: Yaren; Samoa: Apia; Tonga: Nuku'alofa; Tuvalu: Funafuti.